Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (leukosis) and is endemic to the North American dairy cattle population. It is a chronic, contagious disease with no available treatment or vaccine, resulting in lifelong infection. Infection with BLV can lead to persistent lymphocytosis and tumour development within two to five year of infection, and is associated with decreased milk production, immune dysregulation, fertility challenges, and reduced longevity.